Cannabis has long been hailed for its numerous health benefits¹, which range from lowering blood pressure to alleviating symptoms of anxiety. Many people even turn to cannabis as a natural sleep aid. Yet in addition to potentially helping you fall or stay asleep, does cannabis treat sleep apnea or other sleep disorders?

Sleep apnea² is a common condition in which your breathing stops and restarts throughout your sleep. Signs of sleep apnea include snoring or gasping while you sleep.² While more severe cases of sleep apnea may require the use of a continuous positive air pressure machine, or a CPAP machine, it can also be managed with lifestyle changes.

One possible lifestyle change: incorporating cannabis into your bedtime routine. Still, does cannabis help sleep apnea, and if so, why? Here’s everything there is to know about the connection between cannabis and sleep apnea.

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Cannabis and Sleep

For people who struggle to sleep and don’t want to use prescription sleep aids³, natural sleep aids are often a more attractive alternative and tend to have fewer side effects. In previous years, natural sleep aids like melatonin and chamomile tea were go-to methods, but as cannabis continues to be legalized across the country, there’s been more interest in it as a sleep aid.

Up to 14 percent of American adults⁴ reported using CBD products (or cannabidiol, an active ingredient in cannabis) in 2019, according to a government poll. While the reasons for use vary, numerous studies back up the purported benefits of cannabis for sleep.

A 2022 study⁵ of 38 patients with sleep disorders, for example, found that cannabis use helped 39 percent reduce or completely discontinue a prescription medication for sleep, while 71 percent reported improved sleep. Still, the jury is out on the potential downsides of using cannabis for sleep. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine⁶, a new survey discovered that nearly half, or 49 percent of Americans actually lost sleep due to cannabis, though this was attributed to staying up late past their usual bedtimes.

Learn More: Cannabis and Sleep and What is The Endocannabinoid System?

Cannabis and Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea requires effective treatment as part of overall management; this is to help avoid sleep apnea leading to other conditions, such as heart disease or diabetes, according to the Minnesota Department of Health⁷. Using cannabis for sleep apnea is a relatively new area of health being studied, with the Minnesota Department of Health referring to it as “experimental.”

Although clinical trials for cannabis and sleep apnea are still underway, recent studies have found some forms of cannabis, like the synthetic THC dronabinol, are potentially effective as a short-term treatment⁸ for sleep apnea (THC is a compound of cannabis). Combining THC with oleamide, or an organic fatty acid, in particular, was found to improve respiration in all stages of sleep. Still, researchers caution more studies are needed to fully confirm these benefits.

For now, the Minnesota Department of Health recommends turning to traditional sleep apnea treatments before trying cannabis.⁷ This is because of the limited evidence on the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of using cannabis for sleep apnea.

What Form of Cannabis is Best for Sleep Apnea? 

According to the studies above, THC — particularly dronabinol — is slowly shaping up to be the most promising form of cannabis for sleep apnea.⁸ Therefore, if you plan to try cannabis to help manage sleep apnea, you might want to turn to synthetic forms of THC. Yet since this area of sleep is still being studied, it’s best to speak to a healthcare professional before using cannabis.

Should You Use Cannabis and a CPAP Machine?

This is another gray area that doesn’t have enough data behind it for a concrete answer. For now, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine has taken a firm stance⁹ against using cannabis or medical marijuana to treat sleep apnea — including using cannabis with a CPAP machine.

Is Cannabis Safe?

Like any other compound, cannabis comes with both potential benefits and drawbacks regarding its safety. Although cannabis use is legal in many states, it still comes with a few precautions that you should be aware of if you plan on trying cannabis.

Side Effects of Cannabis

According to the CDC¹⁰, cannabis can “have a wide range of health effects on the body and brain.” Impacts on the heart, for example, can include making the heart beat faster or a rise in blood pressure. Cannabis, especially when smoked, can also harm lung tissues and cause scarring. There are also potential mental health impacts, like increased anxiety and paranoia.¹⁰

Who Should Avoid Cannabis?

The CDC cautions that certain groups of individuals should avoid cannabis use altogether.¹⁰ These include pregnant women, teens (who are at higher risk of poor decision-making while using cannabis), and people with mental health disorders like schizophrenia.

In general, if you have a diagnosed health condition or you take prescription medication, it’s best to speak to a healthcare provider about the potential impacts of cannabis use, as it may interfere with other treatments.

Synthetic Cannabis vs. Non-Synthetic Cannabis

There are two types of cannabis: synthetic cannabis, which is essentially a man-made substance, and non-synthetic cannabis, which is natural and obtained from cannabis plants. While early research on cannabis and sleep apnea has found that synthetic forms of cannabis, particularly THC, are shaping up to be the most effective, they may be more harmful.

According to a 2018 study, synthetic cannabis can replicate the effects¹¹ of natural cannabis but can come with more severe side effects. These include trouble breathing, high blood pressure, fast heart rate, chest pain, muscle twitches, anxiety, and overall cognitive impairment.

Tips for Better Sleep with Sleep Apnea 

If you’re on the fence about trying cannabis for sleep apnea because of the lack of data or potential side effects, there are numerous steps you can take to get better sleep if you’ve been diagnosed with the condition. Here are a few that you can practice:

• Sleeping on your side or stomach to help open¹² your airways
• Maintaining a cool, dark, and comfortable sleep environment
• Getting regular physical activity¹³ and exercise
• Limiting caffeine and alcohol intake
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Quitting smoking

Sometimes, you may need more support than lifestyle changes to help manage sleep apnea. Some people require the use of a breathing device like a CPAP machine to keep their airway open while sleeping. A healthcare professional can help you develop an effective treatment plan for sleep apnea, and if you’re curious about using cannabis, that’s something you can discuss.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does CBD help with obstructive sleep apnea directly?

Research is still limited about the purported benefits of CBD helping with obstructive sleep apnea directly, but early data shows that synthetic THC may help improve breathing in all stages of sleep.⁸

Explore our picks for the Best CBD for Sleep.

What really works for sleep apnea?

Lifestyle changes like losing weight and quitting smoking could help improve sleep apnea. You may also benefit from a breathing device like a CPAP machine if your sleep apnea is more severe.

What supplements treat sleep apnea?

As of now, supplements aren’t recommended as a first-line treatment for sleep apnea. Instead, the National Institutes of Health lists breathing devices, healthy lifestyle changes, and in extreme cases, surgery or mouth and facial therapy, as approved treatments for sleep apnea.¹³

Ashley Zlatopolsky

Content Writer

About Author

Ashley Zlatopolsky is a Detroit-based writer and editor who specializes in sleep content. She writes about sleep health, hygiene and products for Sleep Advisor, Mattress Clarity, Real Simple, Sleep.com and more.

Combination Sleeper

Education & Credentials

• Certified Sleep Science Coach

CPAP therapy has been around for decades, with machines first prescribed to patients in the 1980s. CPAP, which stands for continuous positive airway pressure, is widely used in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a sleep disorder that causes frequent pauses in breathing due to a blockage in the windpipe². The CPAP machine helps keep the patient’s airway open through pressurized air.

While CPAP therapy is considered highly effective at improving the quality of life³ in people with OSA, patients often complain of uncomfortable side effects. Research suggests that as little as 25 percent⁴ of patients with mild OSA use their CPAP machines long-term due to discomfort. Let’s look at the common side effects and how you can avoid them to help make your CPAP therapy as effective and comfortable as possible. 

Common Side Effects of CPAP Machines 

• Aerophagia – Aerophagia is when you swallow too much air⁵, and this can happen during CPAP use⁶. When this happens, the pressurized air enters the digestive tract, which can result in uncomfortable bloating, burping, and flatulence. 
• Claustrophobia – Claustrophobia is a fear of being in enclosed spaces, and it’s a reason why some people discontinue CPAP treatment⁷. Wearing a mask while sleeping can lead to the fear of feeling trapped or suffocated. 
• Discomfort – It’s normal to find wearing a mask uncomfortable, especially at first. However, if the mask is ill-fitting, this can make discomfort worse, possibly leading to skin irritation, pressure sores, or air leaks⁸. Leaking air will result in you not getting the air pressure required to treat your apnea. Some people also find it hard to fall asleep with the feeling of the constant flow of air that’s coming through the mask.
• Dry Eyes – Air leaks from a poorly fitting CPAP mask can cause air to be directed to your eyes, which can cause them to become dry or teary.⁸. 
• Dry Mouth – A dry mouth is another complaint from CPAP users, and it occurs when air dries out the mouth’s mucous membrane lining⁹. Mouth breathing is a cause of dry mouth during CPAP therapy because it can dry up saliva. However, nasal breathers who sleep with their mouth open can also experience pressure leaks through the mouth¹⁰, which can cause dryness.

• Dry Nose – The lungs function best with warm, moist air¹¹, and the nasal passages filter, heat up, and humidify the air we breathe. The constant stream of pressurized air delivered by a CPAP machine can disrupt the natural nasal cycle¹², resulting in decreased mucus and nasal dryness.
• Nasal Congestion – Congestion can occur when the air delivered by the CPAP machine is too dry, which can cause inflammation in the nasal passages. Some research¹³ suggests that patients who already have nasal congestion may be more susceptible to CPAP-induced nasal congestion. A stuffy nose can also indicate illness contracted from a dirty CPAP machine that hasn’t been cleaned properly¹⁴. 
• Skin Irritations – A mask that’s too tight can lead to sores on the face, while air leaks from a mask that’s not sealed well might cause skin irritation.⁸ If your mask hasn’t been cleaned properly, you may also experience irritation from the bacteria or oils that have collected on it¹⁵. 
• Sore Throat – CPAP users often wake up with a sore throat if the air delivered is too dry¹⁶, which can dry out the throat, leading to inflammation and discomfort. 

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How to Prevent CPAP Side Effects 

Despite the potential side effects of CPAP therapy, there are actions you can take to overcome or prevent them. However, if these don’t work, you should always speak to your healthcare provider, who should be able to help you find a solution. 

• Find the right face mask – Your healthcare provider will likely offer suggestions based on the mask type you need, and you should consider your regular sleep position since some masks are better for side and stomach sleeping than others. You may also find visiting a brick-and-mortar supply store helpful since you can try multiple masks on, but if that’s not possible, some online retailers offer AI mask-fitting technology. Masks typically come with adjustable headgear straps. Make sure the mask strikes a good balance between comfort and snugness. 
• Clean your mask regularly – Dirty CPAP equipment can lead to skin irritation and sickness, so these items should be cleaned regularly. A strict cleaning schedule¹⁷ should involve daily cleaning of the mask and cushioning, and weekly cleansing of the tubing, headgear, humidifier chamber, and reusable filter. Warm, soapy water is generally recommended for cleaning, using a mild, unscented soap.¹⁷ Disposable filters should be replaced as per the manufacturer’s instructions, and you should change the distilled water in the humidifier daily.¹⁷ Learn more about how
• Use a nasal spray – If you’re experiencing nasal congestion from your CPAP machine, nasal sprays can reduce blood vessels and tissue swelling in your nose. You can try using a sodium hyaluronate nasal spray¹⁸ to ease symptoms.
• Monitor the pressure – You should never adjust the pressure of your CPAP on your own. Instead, consult your healthcare provider if you feel the pressure is uncomfortable. before attempting to alter the pressure level of the device. Some machines have a “ramp” mode, which delivers air at a lower pressure in the beginning and then slowly builds to the programmed level¹⁹. This gradual increase can make it easier for some CPAP users to fall asleep.
• Consider using a chin strap – Sleeping with your mouth open while using a CPAP can lead to dry mouth because pressurized air can escape through the open mouth and dry up saliva. In this case, try using a CPAP chin strap, which gently keeps the mouth closed while you’re sleeping, or consider switching to a full face mask if you use a nasal mask or nasal pillow mask.⁸
• Use a humidifier – If you’re experiencing a dry nose, nasal congestion, or a dry mouth, consider using your machine’s humidifier chamber, or adding an external one if your machine doesn’t have one built in. Heated CPAP tubing can also be used in conjunction with humidifier chambers. Humidifying the air you breathe, especially in cold, dry climates, can help to reduce dryness.⁸ 
• Switch to a different therapy or mask type – Research suggests that switching to bilevel positive airway pressure²⁰ (BiPAP) therapy or automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) therapy could reduce aerophagia.⁶ Additionally, using a nasal mask rather than a full face mask may also reduce aerophagia symptoms as this prevents mouth breathers from swallowing as much pressurized air.⁶ 

Learn More:

• Best CPAP Mask
• Best Full-Face CPAP Mask
• Best Hybrid CPAP Mask
• Best CPAP Mask for Side Sleepers
• Best Nasal CPAP Mask
• Best CPAP Mask for Women
• Best CPAP Masks for Kids

Using CPAP Accessories to Avoid Side Effects

• Hoses – You should ensure your hose is properly connected to both the machine and mask to ensure the air is being delivered correctly. Hosing should be long enough to comfortably reach you, and it should be tangle-free to allow for unimpeded airflow. Clean your tubing once a week to reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, heated hoses can further humidify the air from the CPAP, and they can be used instead of, or alongside, a humidifier. These hoses can also prevent condensation from building up in the tube, which can cause you to have a damp face.
• Filters – Reusable filters should be cleaned, and disposable filters should be replaced according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Failure to do so may cause contamination of the air delivered by the CPAP. A dirty filter can also cause the machine to make a bothersome noise.⁸
• Mask liners – Mask liners are an optional accessory that can help make the mask more comfortable by absorbing moisture. Liners can also prevent air leaks by filling any gaps between the mask cushion and your skin, as well as restricting mask movement.
• Barrier cream – Using regular face cream while wearing your CPAP mask can make the mask slide around or cause the mask cushion to break down. If you’re experiencing skin irritation, the use of a specialized CPAP barrier cream²¹ can help protect the skin and improve the seal without damaging the mask.

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When to Call Your Doctor About CPAP Side Effects

If CPAP side effects impact your life, it’s always best to speak to your physician or sleep specialist. Your healthcare provider may be able to make changes to your treatment plan or explore an alternative to CPAP therapy. Do not discontinue treatment without speaking to your doctor.

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Frequently Asked Questions

EPAP is a relatively new therapy that was developed as an alternative to CPAP therapy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA is a sleep-related breathing disorder that occurs when the upper airway collapses as a result of muscles around the throat relaxing too much while sleeping. This causes lapses in breathing due to the airway being blocked, ultimately leading to poor quality sleep. 

CPAP is the most common treatment¹ for obstructive sleep apnea, and it’s used by patients at home while sleeping. It works by forcing the upper airway open with a steady stream of pressurized air, which allows for improved breathing and a better night’s sleep. However, some people find CPAP machines uncomfortable and cumbersome, so it’s no wonder that people are looking for smaller, less invasive EPAP devices. Are these EPAPs a legitimate alternative?

The AASM gathered this data by establishing a 15-person panel of sleep medicine specialists and researchers that came to a consensus on the amount of sleep each night that should provide optimal physical, mental, and emotional health. This means that if you’re an adult sleeping less than 7 hours a night, you’ll likely experience sleep deprivation.

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What Is an EPAP Device? 

EPAP stands for expiratory positive airway pressure. An EPAP is a small nasal device² consisting of valves that sit in each nostril, creating a seal. 

These valves allow for a normal inhale but provide resistance during the exhale. This creates a level of pressure that should prevent the upper airway from narrowing, allowing the patient to breathe normally. EPAP devices do not require electricity to function. 
Some EPAP devices have been approved by the FDA to reduce snoring, while others have been cleared to treat obstructive sleep apnea³.

What Is a CPAP Machine? 

CPAP stands for continuous positive airway pressure. A CPAP machine sends a steady stream of air into your nose and/or mouth through a hose and mask. This flow of air comes from a small motorized unit that draws in air from the room and cleans it of contaminants, before delivering it to the patient at a pressure specified by their healthcare professional. 

The pressurized air helps to keep the airway open, which is useful in cases of obstructive sleep apnea because the muscles relax around the upper airway while sleeping. This relaxation causes the muscles to collapse, creating an obstruction that can lead to lapses in breathing.

Differences Between EPAP and CPAP Therapies 

• Size – A major difference between EPAP and CPAP devices is their size, with EPAPs being much smaller in comparison. 
• Power socket needed – CPAPs require a nearby power socket, as well as a secure surface to sit on, whereas an EPAP simply sits in the user’s nostrils without being attached to a machine. 
• Different air pressure systems – CPAP machines send pressurized air into the patient’s airway, and EPAP devices create their own pressure when the user exhales. A sleep specialist has to calibrate a CPAP machine to the required pressure level, but pressure cannot be calibrated on an EPAP device; studies show that resistance varies across different FDA-approved EPAPs⁴.

Who Would Benefit from an EPAP Device?

Recent research⁵ shows that long-term adherence to CPAP may be as low as 25 percent in cases of mild obstructive sleep apnea, with people discontinuing for reasons including physical discomfort and psychological distress. People with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea who struggle to sleep wearing a CPAP mask⁶ may benefit from the less cumbersome design of an EPAP, which doesn’t require you to be connected to a machine. 

Those who find the noise of a CPAP bothersome may also prefer the quieter design of an EPAP. Although you can buy travel CPAP machines, patients who travel frequently may still prefer the significantly lighter, more compact design of an EPAP, which also doesn’t require the lengthy, regular cleaning process that a CPAP does.

Who Would Benefit from a CPAP Machine?

CPAP is considered a popular treatment for sleep apnea⁷ because its effectiveness has been verified by clinical studies since its inception in the 1980s. Some research indicates that CPAP may be better than EPAP⁸ for the treatment of more severe cases of sleep apnea. 

People who breathe through their mouth while sleeping will likely find a CPAP machine more effective as they can wear a full-face mask that delivers air to the mouth. 

Effectiveness of EPAP Compared to CPAP 

Current research shows conflicting evidence about the efficacy of EPAP compared to CPAP, and further investigation needs to be done before researchers can verify that EPAP is as good as CPAP when it comes to treating sleep apnea, especially when it comes to long-term treatment.³ 

Initial studies show that EPAP can be effective at reducing sleep apnea⁸ and daytime sleepiness, as well as improving quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.⁸ A small study of 40 people with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea showed no difference⁹ between the safety or efficacy of CPAP versus EPAP.

However, some data suggests EPAP may be more suitable for those with milder sleep apnea, as the level of improvement seen with EPAP devices is notably less than with CPAP devices.⁸

The general consensus of researchers is that patients are more likely to continue using an EPAP than a CPAP, which minimizes the effectiveness of a CPAP if it’s not used properly. So, in some cases, even if CPAP is more effective, using an EPAP could be preferable to not using anything at all. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What is EPAP therapy?

EPAP therapy is a fairly new alternative to CPAP therapy that consists of a small device that sits in the nostrils. The device creates a seal that allows the user to inhale normally but then creates resistance on the exhale, which increases pressure in the upper airway to prevent it from collapsing. Airway collapse occurs in patients who have obstructive sleep apnea and happens as a result of the muscles around the throat relaxing too much, which compresses the airway.

Are EPAP devices FDA-approved?

Some EPAP devices are FDA-approved, though some have only been cleared to reduce snoring, while others have been approved to treat obstructive sleep apnea.³

Do EPAP devices cost less than CPAP machines?

The initial cost of an EPAP is significantly less than a CPAP, which might cost between $500 and $1,000. However, EPAPs must be replaced more frequently than CPAPs, so costs can add up. The cost of a typical FDA-approved EPAP starter kit is around $199.

It’s important to note that many insurers consider EPAP an experimental therapy, so it may not be covered by your insurance provider.

Do I need a prescription for an EPAP device?

Not all EPAP devices require a prescription, as some are designed to just treat snoring as opposed to sleep apnea. If you suspect you have sleep apnea, it’s important to get checked out by your physician for a proper diagnosis, rather than self-diagnosing and purchasing an EPAP without a prescription. Your doctor will be able to confirm a diagnosis and assess which type of PAP therapy is best suited to relieve your symptoms.

Lisa Bowman

Writer

About Author

Lisa is a content writer for Sleep Advisor, which combines two of her greatest passions – writing and sleeping. She can also be found writing about fitness, sustainability and vegan food.

Combination Sleeper

Resources

• 1. “CPAP Machine”. Cleveland Clinic. Last modified November 9, 2021. –
• 2. Waters MD, Tina. “Alternative interventions for obstructive sleep apnea”. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2019. –
• 3. Hakim, Tawfic S., et al. “EPAP Devices Optipillows, Bongo Rx, and Theravent: Flow Resistance and The Pressures They Generate”. Journal of Sleep Medicine and Disorders. 2021. –
• 4. Sleeper, Geoffrey., et al. “Comparison of expiratory pressures generated by four different EPAP devices in a laboratory bench setting”. Sleep Medicine. 2022. –
• 5. Qiao, Min., et al. “Long term adherence to continuous positive Airway pressure in mild obstructive sleep apnea”. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2023. –
• 6. Wu, Hao., et al. “A review of EPAP nasal device therapy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome”. Sleep Breath. 2015. –
• 7. “Test your CPAP IQ”. Mayo Clinic Health System. 2022. –
• 8. Schiza, Sophia E., Mermigkis, Charalampos., Bouloukaki, Izolde. “Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) nasal device therapy: a welcome addition to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome therapy”. Sleep and Breathing. 2015. –
• 9. Liu, Yaxuan., et al. “Efficacy and safety assessment of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) mask for OSAHS therapy”. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2019. –

Automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) machines were first introduced in 1996¹ as a more advanced alternative to CPAP machines in the treatment of sleep apnea. Both machines are used to deliver pressurized air for better breathing during sleep. However, while CPAP delivers air at a single pre-programmed pressure, APAP allows pressure to increase and decrease over a set pressure range. 

We’ll dive more into APAP machines, including why they might be preferable to CPAP in certain cases and who experts may recommend one for. Ultimately, your own healthcare provider will be the one to decide what type of positive airway pressure machine you should get, but if you’re curious to know more about APAP therapy, we’re here to help.

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What Is an APAP Machine Used For?

APAP machines are used to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is a sleep disorder in which the muscles around the throat relax while sleeping, which can obstruct the upper airway. This can lead to brief lapses in breathing before the brain briefly jolts the sleeper awake to take a breath. The air delivered by the APAP forces the airway open, allowing the patient to breathe properly and sleep better. 

How an APAP Machine Works

An APAP machine consists of a small unit that houses an air compressor, a hose, and a mask. The machine is programmed to be able to deliver air within a set range of pressure that’s determined by the severity of the patient’s OSA. This is calculated during the diagnostic process, which usually involves an overnight study at a sleep center. 

The APAP machine is designed to deliver the amount of air required to keep the airway open². It does this by constantly monitoring breathing, decreasing pressure when breathing is normal, and increasing pressure when a gap in breathing is detected (apnea episode). 

The rate at which the pressure changes depends on the model of the machine, as different manufacturers use different algorithms³. Some machines decrease air pressure soon after an apnea episode, while others remain at the higher pressure for longer. Your healthcare provider should be able to suggest the best type of APAP for your individual needs. 

How Does an APAP Machine Know You Have Stopped Breathing?

APAP machines contain pressure sensors that measure airway resistance. Airway resistance is caused by an obstructed airway⁴, so if the airway has closed enough to prevent breathing, there will be a higher resistance. 

The machine increases air pressure in line with resistance to force the airway open, allowing the patient to breathe again. Once resistance decreases, the APAP will decrease the pressure until it detects another apnea event.

Lisa Bowman

Writer

About Author

Lisa is a content writer for Sleep Advisor, which combines two of her greatest passions – writing and sleeping. She can also be found writing about fitness, sustainability and vegan food.

Combination Sleeper

Resources

• 1. Imamura, S., Kushida, C.A. “Autotitrating Positive Airway Pressure”. Neuroscience and Behavioral Psychology. 2017. –
• 2. “APAP vs CPAP: Sleep apnea treatments explained”. ResMed. Webpage accessed November 27, 2023. –
• 3. Isetta, Valentina., et al. “Comparative assessment of several automatic CPAP devices’ responses: a bench test study”. ERJ Open Research. 2015. –
• 4. Nozawa, Shuhei., et al. “Characteristics of airway resistance in obstructive sleep apnea patients with asthma on oscillometry”. Respiratory Medicine and Research. 2022. –
• 5. Alves, Adelaide., et al. “Transition from APAP to CPAP may be a cost-effective health intervention in OSA patients”. Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology. 2021. –
• 6. Perin, Christiano., Rodrigues Genta, Pedro. “Less may be more: CPAP vs. APAP in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea”. Brazilian Journal of Pulmonology. 2021. –
• 7. “Sleep Apnea Treatment”. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Last modified September 6, 2023. –
• 8. Sangal, R Bart., Sudan, Nimish. “Baseline Lighter Sleep and Lower Saturation Are Associated With Improved Sleepiness and Adherence on Continuous Rather Than Autotitrating Positive Airway Pressure”. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience. 2019. –
• 9. Pateel MD PhD, Susheel., et al. “Treatment of Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Positive Airway Pressure: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and GRADE Assessment”. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2019. –
• 10. Kang MD, Yun Jin., Cho MD PhD, Jin-Hee., Park MD PhD, Chan-Soon. “Analysis of risk factors for air leakage in auto-titrating positive airway pressure users: a single-center study”. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2022. –
• 11. Pépin, J.L., et al. “Fixed-pressure CPAP versus auto-adjusting CPAP: comparison of efficacy on blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnoea, a randomised clinical trial”. Thorax. 2016. –
• 12. “Sleep Apnea”. Mayo Clinic. Last modified April 6, 2023. –

CPAP therapy is a popular treatment for those with sleep apnea, a disorder that causes the sleeper to experience periodic breathing gaps¹, often due to an airway obstruction. A CPAP machine provides a stream of pressurized air to help keep the airway open for more consistent, healthy breathing. 

Using a CPAP machine regularly could lead to substantial benefits for your physical and mental health, as well as your quality of life. In this article, we’ll go over some of the key benefits of CPAP machines. We’ll also review how to get a CPAP machine and help you determine if CPAP therapy is right for your particular case of sleep apnea. If it’s not, we’ll discuss some alternative treatments.

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CPAP Benefits

Research shows that CPAP therapy can be an effective treatment for sleep apnea², reducing the risk of various health complications³ such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and accidents, as well as improving blood pressure, alertness, mental health, and even relationships. 

Reduces Risk of Heart Problems

Those with sleep apnea can experience sudden drops of oxygen because they stop breathing multiple times a night. This puts a considerable strain on the heart and cardiovascular system, and, if you already have heart disease, this consistent drop in oxygen levels could even lead to sudden death from an irregular heartbeat.¹ 

Fortunately, regular use of a CPAP machine should stabilize your oxygen levels during sleep, which means protection from heart problems like congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and irregular heartbeat.³ 

Lowers Risk of a Stroke

A stroke occurs⁴ when blood flow to the brain is blocked (ischemic stroke) or when there is sudden bleeding in the brain (hemorrhagic stroke). In both cases, a stroke can result in severe brain damage or even death.⁴ 

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, people with untreated sleep apnea are two to four times more likely to experience a stroke.³ However, consistently using a CPAP machine has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke⁵ in sleep apnea patients. 

Improves Blood Pressure

Your blood pressure typically dips 10-20 percent⁶ throughout the night. However, those with obstructive sleep apnea can experience a less than 10-percent dip in blood pressure, putting them at a higher risk for high blood pressure and other cardiovascular issues.⁶ Using a CPAP machine, though, has been shown to reduce blood pressure⁷.

Lowers Risk of Accidents

If your oxygen levels plummet during sleep, your body responds by waking you up so that you can increase your oxygen levels. Sometimes, these awakenings are so short that you won’t even remember them the next day, but people with sleep apnea can experience these micro-awakenings multiple times a night. These repeated disturbances impact the amount of quality sleep you’re able to get and can lead to increased fatigue the next day.¹ 

This sort of fatigue can result in trouble concentrating while driving, and people with sleep apnea have an increased risk of motor vehicle and workplace accidents.¹ For those with sleep apnea who consistently use a CPAP machine, their chances of such accidents are much lower⁸.

Boosts Alertness and Cognitive Function

It may seem obvious that not getting quality sleep because of untreated sleep apnea would decrease your alertness the next day. However, did you know that this also has a huge impact on your brain’s ability to learn new information⁹ and remember those details in the future? 

Using a CPAP consistently can improve your quality of sleep, which means a boost in alertness, concentration, and cognitive function during the day.³ 

Cultivates Better Mental Health

People with sleep apnea are at a higher risk for depression¹⁰, and, the more severe the sleep apnea, the more severe the depression. 

However, CPAP therapy seems to be a sound treatment for depressive symptoms. In one study, 73 percent¹¹ of sleep apnea patients showed clinically depressive symptoms, but after three months of CPAP therapy, this number was reduced to 4 percent of patients. Even those with suicidal thoughts at the beginning of the study reported a complete cessation of these thoughts after three months of consistent CPAP therapy.¹¹  

Helps Prevent Diabetes 

Untreated sleep apnea increases your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.¹ This is because consistently waking up through the night – no matter how briefly – leads to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, both of which are factors in type 2 diabetes.³ 

Treating sleep apnea with CPAP therapy has been shown to reduce the fluctuation of blood glucose levels¹², helping to prevent diabetes and improving abnormal glucose metabolism in patients who already have type 2 diabetes. 

Reduces Snoring 

One of the most common side effects of sleep apnea is loud snoring.¹ In people with obstructive sleep apnea, this is caused by the airway narrowing so much during sleep that the tissues vibrate together, which causes snoring¹³. 

A CPAP’s job is to keep the airway from collapsing by providing a continuous flow of air pressure. With this, snoring should be reduced, if not eliminated.³ 

Could Improve Romantic Relationships 

If you or your partner snores, it probably won’t be a surprise to learn that snoring can negatively impact romantic relationships by “instigating stress and strain¹⁴” between partners. Snoring and gasping for air are two symptoms that could be more noisy and bothersome for the other person. This could lead to sleep deprivation and tiredness during the day. 

As one study discovered¹⁵, though, introducing CPAP therapy could be the key to a healthier romantic relationship between partners. The researchers cited that the reason for this is likely due to feeling less tired and having more energy to be active.¹⁵

Do I Need a CPAP Machine?

People with moderate to severe sleep apnea will likely benefit the most from a CPAP machine. In contrast, those with mild sleep or occasional apnea may be able to use alternative treatments.¹ 

How do you know if you have sleep apnea in the first place? Some of the most common sleep apnea signs include¹: 

• Loud snoring
• Episodes where you stop breathing during the night
• Insomnia
• Gasping for air during sleep
• Waking with a dry mouth or headache
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
• Irritability
• Trouble concentrating

Additionally, your chances of having sleep apnea are higher if you are overweight, male, elderly, if you smoke, drink alcohol, use sedatives before bed, or have a family history of sleep apnea.¹ If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms – and especially if you are a higher-risk person – you should speak to your doctor. 

Your doctor may recommend a sleep study where they can determine whether or not you have sleep apnea and how severe it is. Depending on its severity, your doctor may prescribe CPAP therapy.

How to Get a CPAP Machine

Once your doctor has diagnosed you with sleep apnea and determined CPAP is the best form of treatment, they can write you a prescription for a CPAP machine. You cannot access a CPAP machine without a doctor’s prescription. 

With your prescription, you can either get a CPAP through your insurance provider, who will likely partially cover the costs, or you can purchase one directly from a local medical supplier, online, or from your sleep clinic. 

Read our guide: Best CPAP Machines

CPAP Alternatives

Depending on how severe your sleep apnea is, you may be able to use other treatments in place of or in addition to CPAP therapy. These CPAP alternatives include a mix of lifestyle changes and medical options. 

• Change your sleep position – Experts recommend those with sleep apnea avoid sleeping on their backs, as this position can cause the tongue to collapse to the back of the throat, worsening symptoms.¹³ Sleeping on your side or stomach may be enough to improve symptoms, especially for those with less severe apnea. 

• Elevate your head – If sleeping on your side is uncomfortable, try elevating your head with a higher pillow or an adjustable base bed. Studies show that sleeping at an incline¹⁶ can improve snoring and sleep apnea. 

• Try an oral device – Some people opt for an oral device (or mandibular advancement device¹⁷) rather than a CPAP machine. These devices, which are custom-made for your mouth by a dentist, move your jaw and tongue into a position that could reduce sleep apnea symptoms.

• Lose weight – Excess weight and obesity increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnea, as fatty tissue around the upper airway can restrict breathing, especially when the throat muscles are relaxed during sleep.¹  Weight loss is considered an effective long-term treatment¹⁸ for sleep apnea. If you’re overweight, talk to your doctor to find a weight loss plan that will work for you. 

• Avoid alcohol – Alcohol relaxes the muscles in the back of the throat, which can either cause or worsen sleep apnea.¹ If you have sleep apnea, it’s recommended that you avoid drinking alcohol, especially before bedtime.¹³  

• Avoid certain medications – Like alcohol, certain sedative medications¹⁹ can cause or worsen sleep apnea because they relax the muscles in the back of the throat. Additionally, any medications that can increase your risk of weight gain or boost your testosterone levels can worsen sleep apnea.¹⁹ 

• Clear up congestion – Congestion caused by allergies, a cold, or even pregnancy can increase snoring and worsen sleep apnea.¹³ However, there are several options for clearing up congestion²⁰, including nasal sprays, allergy and cold medications, saline solution nasal rinses, humidifiers, and staying hydrated throughout the day. 

• Quit smoking – Smokers are three times more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea than those who don’t smoke, as it increases the amount of inflammation in the upper airway.¹ 

• Surgery – There are different surgical options to treat snoring and sleep apnea, and which one you choose will depend on what is causing your sleep apnea in the first place. 

For example, if enlarged tonsils or adenoids are causing it, you can get a tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy.¹³ Thermal ablation can reduce the amount of tissue in the airway, and there is a surgical procedure that stiffens the soft palate.¹³ A more recent surgical option is called hypoglossal nerve stimulation, in which a pacemaker-like device is inserted. This device detects when you’re breathing and then stimulates the muscles in the tongue to move out of the airway when you inhale.¹³

• Try a different positive airway pressure (PAP) device – If you have tried CPAP therapy and it doesn’t work for you, you may want to try a different type of PAP device. Some other options include bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) devices, automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) devices, and a newer technology called nasal expiratory positive airway pressure (Nasal EPAP). BiPAP and APAP devices look a lot like CPAPs but provide different air pressure levels, whereas a nasal EPAP²¹ involves placing smaller, disposable valves inside the nostrils just before going to bed.

Learn more: 10 CPAP Alternatives

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the benefits of using a CPAP machine?

Using a CPAP machine is one of the most effective treatments for sleep apnea. Staying consistent with CPAP therapy can reduce your risk of various health complications like heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and accidents, as well as improve blood pressure, alertness, mental health, and even your relationships.³

Should I use my CPAP machine when I am awake?

You can use your CPAP machine while you are awake when you are first getting used to your machine. Try wearing it for short periods while watching television, reading, or doing some other passive activity; this way, it won’t feel so foreign when you’re wearing it to sleep. Other than that, there is no need to use your CPAP machine while you are awake unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

How long before I see CPAP benefits?

Some people notice benefits after just one or two nights of CPAP therapy²², while others take more time to adjust. Experts are mixed in their estimates here, but one earlier study²³ showed improved sleep, reduced fatigue, and more energy after three weeks of consistent CPAP use.

Natalie G.

Writer

About Author

Natalie is a content writer for Sleep Advisor with a deep passion for all things health and a fascination with the mysterious activity that is sleep. Outside of writing about sleep, she is a bestselling author, improviser, and creative writing teacher based out of Austin.

Combination Sleeper

Research has found that, along with necessary lifestyle changes, CPAP therapy can be an effective treatment¹ for sleep apnea symptoms. However, for CPAP therapy to have positive results, it must be consistently adhered to, and for some people, this might be more difficult. 

There are varying reasons why people aren’t consistent with their CPAP use – it may feel claustrophobic, could cause dry mouth or congestion², or just be uncomfortable. Fortunately, many of these common complaints can be resolved by ensuring you have the right CPAP mask. 

CPAP masks come in a variety of shapes, styles, and sizes. Choosing the appropriate one for your face and sleep position could mean the difference between CPAP compliance and ineffective treatment. In this article, we’ll go over the various types of CPAP masks so you have a better understanding of what your options are.

Medical Disclaimer: You should seek the advice of your healthcare provider in determining the right type of CPAP mask for you and your sleep apnea needs.

What Is a CPAP Mask?

A CPAP machine consists of three essential components: the machine, the mask, and the tubing connecting the machine to the mask.  The mask may cover your nose and mouth, just your nose, or only the nostril area.

The machine takes in air, filters and pressurizes it, and then delivers it through the tube and into the CPAP mask. This continuous flow of air is meant to keep the airway open, helping those with sleep apnea maintain a consistent oxygen level through the night.² 

The mask itself consists of the mask frame (the part that holds the cushion and attaches to the headgear), the mask cushion or nasal pillows (the soft part that touches the face to create a good seal), and the mask headgear (the straps that securely attach the mask to the face).

View Our Guide: Best CPAP Masks

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Popular CPAP Masks

The most common types of CPAP masks include the nasal pillow mask, the nasal mask, and the full-face CPAP mask.² There are benefits to each of these, so it comes down to your specific needs and preferences.

Nasal Pillow CPAP Mask 

The nasal pillow CPAP mask³ is the smallest and least cumbersome of the mask types. It only covers the nostril area,  and delivers air pressure exclusively through the nose. Some nasal pillow CPAP masks fit over the nostrils, but most include small prongs that go slightly into the nose for more security and better airflow.² 

The mask stays securely attached to your face with headgear straps that go from both sides of the mask and around the back of your head. While these mask types are a good option for many people, some complain that their mouth falls open wearing a nasal pillow mask, leaving their throat feeling dry. In this case, you could opt for a full face mask or add a chin strap to your nasal pillow mask. 

Who might be a good fit for this mask:

• People who feel claustrophobic
• Glasses-wearers
• People with beards or facial hair
• Sleepers who can easily breathe through their nose
• Those who want a full field of vision to read or watch TV

Who might not be a good fit for this mask: 

• Those with nasal congestion
• People with a deviated septum
• People who need their mouth to breathe

Nasal CPAP Mask

Like the nasal pillow mask, the nasal CPAP mask only delivers air pressure through the nose. This mask covers more of the face, though, enclosing the entire nose⁴ rather than just the nostrils. It adheres to the face with headgear, which can either strap around the back of the head, or around the back of the head and across the forehead. 

This mask tends to be more stable and secure than the nasal pillow mask, making it a good option for those who move around during sleep. However, some people complain of irritation along the bridge of the nose with this type of mask. In this case, there is a newer “nasal cradle” mask that fits only over the nostrils, but unlike most nasal pillow masks, nasal cradle masks do not include prongs that enter the nostrils 

Who might be a good fit for this mask:

• People with a higher pressure setting
• Those who move around a lot during sleep 
• Sleepers who can comfortably breathe only through their nose
• Those with beards or facial hair

Who might not be a good fit for this mask: 

• People with deviated septums 
• Sleepers dealing with regular congestion
• Those who wear glasses (though a nasal cradle may work for them)

Full Face CPAP Mask

A full face⁵, or oronasal mask, covers both the mouth and nose. It’s considered to be the most stable and secure type of mask, but it’s also one of the bulkiest.  This cumbersomeness might explain why some people have more trouble sticking with CPAP therapy using a full-face mask⁶ than other types of masks. 

The mask seals around the nose and mouth. It is held in place with four-point headgear, which attaches from the top of the face to the bottom and behind the head. 

Who might be a good fit for this mask:

• Those with higher pressure settings
• People with chronic nasal congestion
• People with a deviated septum 
• Back sleepers

Who might not be a good fit for this mask: 

• Those who tend to feel claustrophobic
• People with facial hair
• Glasses-wearers
• Stomach sleepers

Other CPAP Masks 

Though nasal pillow, nasal, and full face masks are the most popular types of CPAP masks, there are other options you can try. 

• Nasal Prong CPAP Mask – This is similar to the nasal pillow mask, but the prongs in this mask go further into the nostrils and inflate a bit inside the nostril walls to create a seal. These masks are held in place with headgear that straps around the sides and top of the head. 
• Oral CPAP Mask – An Oral CPAP mask is unique in that it includes an inside flap that goes into the mouth, resting between the teeth, and an outside flap that seals around the lips. The mask covers only the mouth, making it a good option for mouth breathers.  
• Hybrid CPAP Mask – A hybrid CPAP mask is similar to a full-face mask but less bulky. It has the same sort of seal as a nasal pillow mask, but it also fully covers the mouth, providing a helpful solution for those who sometimes sleep with their mouth open. 
• Total Face CPAP Mask – A total face CPAP mask covers the sleeper’s entire face, from the top of the forehead to the bottom of the chin. This is not usually necessary, but this mask type may be recommended for some people with facial abnormalities or those who leak a small amount of air out of their eyes. 

CPAP Mask Accessories

• Headgear – The headgear secures your mask to your face and head. The headgear can be more simple or complex, depending on how bulky your mask is. Headgear straps are typically adjustable to better fit your head.  
• Frame – The CPAP mask frame is the plastic part of the mask that connects to the headgear and holds the softer cushion. It provides the mask with its structure. 
• Cushion – The cushion is the softer mask part that touches the skin. It provides comfort,  and, a good seal so that air won’t escape the mask. 

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The Right Kind of CPAP Mask for Your Sleep Position

Back Sleepers

The upside for back sleepers is that they have more options for CPAP masks since their face isn’t rubbing up against their pillow. That said, if you stay sleeping on your back for the entire night, you might need a mask that can deliver more air pressure since back sleeping tends to make sleep apnea worse⁷. Because of this, you might opt for a full face or hybrid mask. 

Side Sleepers

In this position, one of your cheeks will be pushed into the pillow, so you’ll need a mask that covers less of your face. A nasal pillow mask is the least cumbersome, so it should be a good choice, but certain nasal and full face masks are also designed for side sleepers. Ask your sleep specialist about these options. 

Stomach Sleepers

Just like side sleeping, this position causes part of your face to be pushed into your pillow, which means you’ll need a less bulky mask. If possible, opt for a nasal or nasal pillow mask in this position and avoid a full-face mask. 

Combination Sleepers

Experts recommend nasal masks for those who switch between stomach, back, and side sleeping through the night.⁴ This is because these masks are less bulky than the full face option but more secure than the nasal pillow mask. 

Learn more: 9 Tips for Sleeping Better with CPAP

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Frequently Asked Questions

A CPAP machine is one of the most commonly prescribed¹ treatments for those with sleep apnea. It delivers a continuous flow of air pressure to keep the airway from collapsing during sleep, ultimately keeping your oxygen levels steady throughout the night.¹ 

Your machine must deliver the right amount of pressure, specifically for you, or else it could be ineffective. In this article, we’ll discuss how you’ll determine your particular pressure setting, signs that your setting is too low or too high, different factors that can impact your pressure setting, side effects of using the wrong CPAP pressure setting, and auto-adjusting devices. 

If you’re using a CPAP machine for sleep apnea and feel like your settings are not working for you, be sure to contact your doctor as only medical professionals should change CPAP pressure settings. 

Determining the Correct Pressure Setting for Your CPAP Machine 

To determine your CPAP pressure settings, you’ll first need to undergo a CPAP titration study². This study is similar to an overnight sleep study to diagnose sleep apnea. However, in a titration study, you’ll be using a CPAP device. 

A sleep specialist will gradually increase the CPAP’s air pressure until they observe your breathing and oxygen levels becoming normal. They’ll stop at the lowest pressure setting that allows for normal breathing, record this number for your CPAP prescription, and then the pressure setting is programmed into your at-home CPAP machine. 

The settings are measured in centimeters of water pressure³ (cm H2O). Most people with sleep apnea fall between 5 to 10 cm H2O, though yours might be more or less than this.³ Your setting will depend on the severity of your sleep apnea, also known as your apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). 

AHI is the combined average number⁴ of apneas and hypopneas that occur each hour of your sleep. An “apnea” is when your breathing stops⁵ during sleep. A “hypopnea” is when breathing becomes shallow, which keeps you from taking in enough oxygen.⁵

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine⁶, those with mild sleep apnea have about 5 to 15 events per hour (including both apneas and hypopneas). Moderate sleep apnea is considered 15 to 30 events per hour, and those with severe sleep apnea have more than 30 events per hour.⁶ 

Generally, people with more severe sleep apnea will likely require higher pressure settings. Most modern CPAP machines will also keep track of your AHI, which can then let the doctor know whether or not your CPAP machine is doing its job or whether pressure settings need to be adjusted. 

Never adjust your CPAP’s pressure settings on your own. Though your pressure requirements may change over time (due to age, weight fluctuations, or even allergies), you’ll need to discuss this with your sleep specialist to get expert help changing your machine’s pressure settings. 

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Signs Your CPAP Machine’s Pressure Needs Adjusting

As mentioned, most modern CPAP machines track the number of apneas and hypopneas you’re experiencing through the night. If your machine is calibrated correctly, this number should be less than five⁷ (but may not necessarily get to zero).

However, even without looking at your AHI, there are some signs you may notice if your machine’s pressure is too low or too high. 

Signs CPAP Pressure Is Too Low

If your pressure is set too low, you’ll likely still experience sleep apnea symptoms⁸ like fatigue, insomnia, dry mouth in the mornings, headaches, heavy snoring, choking or gasping for air in the night, or problems with blood pressure⁹. 

Signs CPAP Pressure Is Too High

CPAP machines with pressure settings that are too high¹⁰ may lead to difficulty exhaling, discomfort in the nose, mouth, or airway, nasal congestion, mask leaks, sore throat, or gas, bloating, or stomach pain. People whose pressure is too high might also end up removing the mask at some point during the night because of the discomfort.

How to Know CPAP Pressure Is Correct

Your pressure is probably okay if you notice an improvement in your sleep and a cessation of symptoms like snoring, gasping for breath, and next-day fatigue. You can also pay attention to the machine’s AHI monitor – if it is below five (or your ideal number given to you by your doctor), your setting is probably working for you.⁷ 

This doesn’t mean that it won’t take time to get used to your CPAP machine. Experts say that it could take several weeks¹¹ to get used to sleeping with your CPAP. To help in this transition, you can practice wearing it during the day when you’re not sleeping. 

Learn more: 9 Tips for Sleeping Better with CPAP

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What Can Affect the Pressure Setting of Your CPAP Machine?

A patient’s CPAP pressure setting will depend on the severity of their sleep apnea. However, other factors, some of which might change over time, could also influence this. 

• Allergies – Allergies that cause nasal congestion or coughing can make using a CPAP more difficult. If this is the case, your doctor might want to tweak your pressure settings. If you find that the CPAP itself is causing you congestion, make sure that the mask is snug and not leaking any air. Also, machines with humidifiers could help alleviate congestion.¹¹ 

• Facial Structure – Certain facial characteristics¹² are linked to the severity of sleep apnea. For example, a wider and flatter mid to lower face, a shorter and smaller jaw, and more soft tissue or fat in the neck can help predict the severity of sleep apnea.¹² 

• Obesity – The more overweight a person is, the more severe¹³ their sleep apnea tends to be, which can correlate to higher pressure settings. However, researchers found significant AHI improvements¹⁴ in people with obstructive sleep apnea who experience loss of tongue fat following weight loss. 

• Deviated Septum – The septum¹⁵ is the bone and cartilage that runs down the center of the nose and nostrils, separating the nose into two sides. When the septum is “deviated,” it is crooked, and this can make breathing difficult. A higher CPAP pressure setting may be required for those with a deviated septum.

• Sleep position – Sleeping on your back can make sleep apnea worse¹⁶ because gravity allows the airway to further collapse and the tongue to fall backward. Those who sleep on their backs may need a higher pressure setting because of this.

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Side Effects of Having the Wrong CPAP Pressure 

If your CPAP machine has the wrong pressure settings, the short-term side effects might include snoring, headaches, trouble sleeping, fatigue, difficulty breathing through your mask, congestion, sore throat, and stomach problems.^8,10

Long-term, though, a CPAP with the wrong pressure settings can result in more serious complications. This is because the machine will be less effective at actually treating your sleep apnea. Symptoms of untreated sleep apnea include a higher risk for vehicular and workplace accidents, high blood pressure and heart problems, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, liver issues, and complications with certain medications or surgeries.⁸ 

Auto-Adjusting Machines

There’s also the option of an APAP machine, which is an auto-adjusting¹⁷ positive airway pressure device. Unlike a CPAP, which delivers one continuous level of air pressure, an APAP measures your respiratory events during sleep and automatically adjusts its pressure accordingly.¹⁷ 

Some people find that an APAP is preferable because it automatically adjusts to factors such as weight fluctuations, having a cold, drinking alcoholic beverages, or sleeping in a different position.¹⁷.If your doctor determines APAP therapy is a viable option for you, they will provide a set pressure range for the device.

If you find that any positive airway pressure device negatively impacts your sleep, you might also discuss alternative CPAP treatment options with your doctor. However, never discontinue your CPAP therapy or start a new treatment without consulting your doctor.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Written by Natalie G., Writer

Our Testing Process

Here at Sleep Advisor, our Sleep Certified experts use a refined mattress and product testing process to give you unbiased product suggestions… Read our full product review process.

In This Article

Our sleep expert will explain to you all about recalled CPAP machines, the possible risks if you use recalled CPAP machines, what to do if you are using it.

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Companies usually recall a product because of a manufacturer’s defect that makes it unsafe for many people.  Recalls happen for various products – cars, foods, toys, beds, and occasionally, CPAP machines. 

This was the case in June of 2021 when Philips Respironics announced a voluntary recall¹ of millions of its products, including CPAP machines, BiPAP machines, and ventilators. 

CPAPs recalled for health reasons could have adverse negative side effects, so if your device is recalled, it’s important to take proper action. In this article, we’ll go over the specifics of the Philips CPAP recall, including which products were recalled, why they were recalled, and what to do if you experience a CPAP recall with your device. 

What Types of Devices Have Been Recalled?

 The Philips CPAP recall included CPAP machines, BiPAP devices, and ventilators. Each of these machines is used to help those who have trouble breathing, either during sleep (like with sleep apnea) or while awake.  

• CPAP machines: A continuous positive airway pressure² machine is one of the most commonly prescribed treatments for sleep apnea. This machine provides a continuous stream of air pressure while you’re sleeping to prevent your airway from collapsing during sleep.² The air pressure should keep your oxygen levels steady throughout the night and prevent sleep apnea complications if used regularly.² 

• BiPAP devices: A BiPAP, or bilevel positive airway³ device, is similar to a CPAP machine in that it is often recommended for those with sleep apnea. Unlike a CPAP, which delivers one unchanging flow of air pressure, a BiPAP provides two different levels of air pressure: a higher level for inhaling and a lower level for exhaling.³ 

• Ventilators: A ventilator, or “breathing machine,” is used for conditions that make it difficult to breathe or get enough oxygen into your blood⁴ Ventilators are often used in a hospital setting but can also be used at home for certain chronic conditions.⁴ Unlike CPAP and BiPAP machines, which are only used during sleep, ventilators can also be used while you’re awake.⁴ 

Affected Recalled Devices

The reason the Philips CPAP recall included CPAPs, BiPAPs, and ventilators is that Philips included a particular piece of polyurethane foam in all of these devices in an attempt to reduce these machines’ noise levels.¹ Unfortunately, Philips found that this particular foam piece could break apart and then be ingested or inhaled⁵ by the user, which could result in several side effects. 

Additionally, polyurethane foam can cause harm by off-gassing certain chemicals, such as those found in some memory foam mattresses since they, too, use polyurethane foam.⁵ 

In the recall, Philips indicated that the products containing this foam should never be cleaned with ozone or UV cleaners.¹ The high heat or humidity in these cleaners might contribute to the degradation of the foam.⁵ The FDA also warns not to use UV or ozone cleaners⁶ on any CPAP devices.

In 2021 and 2022, Philips recalled and replaced⁷ certain CPAP, BiPAP, and ventilator machines. However, more recently in 2023, the FDA issued a Class I Recall⁸– their most serious type of recall – on certain Philips CPAP products. This more recent recall was issued after the FDA found some of Philips’ replacement machines were dangerous.⁷

Below is a list of the Philips products – CPAPs, BiPAPs, and ventilators – that have been recalled at this point.⁷

• Aeris
• A-Series BiPAP A30
• A-Series BiPAP A40 (ventilator)
• A-Series BiPAP Hybrid A30
• A-Series BiPAP V30 Auto (ventilator)
• C-Series ASV
• C-Series S/T and AVAPS
• Dorma 400, 500, Auto
• DreamStation ASV, Go, ST, Auto, and AVAPS
• DreamStation Auto
• E30
• FR REP DreamStation Auto BiPAP, DOM-RECRT
• Garbin Plus
• LifeVent
• OmniLab Advanced Plus
• REMstar SE Auto
• REP DreamStation Auto CPAP, DOM-RECERT
• REP DreamStation Auto CPAP Recert
• SystemOne ASV4, Q-Series, 50 series and 60 series
• Trilogy 100
• Trilogy 200
• Trilogy Evo ventilators

Additionally, in 2022 the FDA issued a recall on Philips CPAP and BiPAP magnetic masks, due to the risk of serious injury or death.⁷

More than 18 million units in the U.S. are impacted by this recall. The products include⁷: 

• Amara View Full Face Mask
• DreamWear Full Face Mask
• DreamWisp Nasal Mask
• Therapy Mask 3100 NC/SP
• Wisp and Wisp Youth Nasal Mask

Some users have filed lawsuits against Philips because they have been waiting years for replacements, and some who received a new device after the 2021 recall have since had their replacement devices recalled. 

As of September 2023, Philips has agreed to a $479 million CPAP settlement⁹ to compensate customers who bought these recalled devices. 

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Possible Health Risks of Using Recalled CPAP Machine

The Philips CPAP recall is being taken seriously because the side effects from ingesting or inhaling this particular foam can be severe. According to the FDA, these side effects may include¹: 

• Irritation to the eyes, skin, nose, and respiratory tract
• Inflammation
• Headache¹
• Toxic or cancer-causing effects
• Asthma
• Dizziness
• Hypersensitivity reaction (an allergic or other immune system response)¹
• Nausea or vomiting

As for the recalled magnetic CPAP and BiPAP masks, the FDA found that using the masks could cause severe injury or death and that the magnets in these masks could interfere with peoples’ metallic implants.⁷ 

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What to Do if You Are Using a Recalled Device

If you are using one of the above-mentioned products from Philips, or if you are using any breathing device that happens to be recalled in the future, the FDA has some recommendations. 

Recalled Ventilators

For those who are using a recalled ventilator, the FDA advises that you do not stop using the ventilator until you’ve talked to your healthcare provider since the risk of stopping the ventilator may be greater than the risk that the foam poses.¹ You might ask your doctor about using an inline bacterial filter, as these may help reduce exposure to the foam particles. However, it’s important to note that research is still ongoing on this.¹

You should also register your recalled device on the Philips’ recall website¹⁰ and talk to your doctor about any health issues you’re experiencing. You can report these health issues through the MedWatch Voluntary Reporting Form¹¹. 

Recalled CPAP and BiPAP Machines

If you are using one of the recalled CPAP and BiPAP machines listed above, the FDA recommends that you first talk to your doctor and see if they think your treatment should change in response to the recall.¹ Some doctors will recommend that you stop using the recalled device immediately and start using a different one as soon as possible, and other doctors may have you continue to use your recalled device if it is medically important until you can get a replacement.¹ 

Recall or not, you should never clean your device with any ozone or UV light cleaners.⁶ It’s also important to avoid removing the foam from the device yourself as this can ruin the CPAP or BiPAP’s effectiveness and increase your risk of exposure to the foam particles.¹ 

Because Philips has recently agreed to a settlement, you may be eligible to make a claim and receive compensation if you have been using one of these recalled products.

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How Do I Know if a Recalled Machine’s Replacement is Safe?

After several of Philips’ CPAP, BiPAP, and ventilator devices were recalled in 2021, Philips started replacing them with devices that did not include the same polyurethane foam. 

As mentioned, though, some of the replacement devices themselves were found to be unsafe and were also recalled. This is because Philips assigned incorrect or duplicate serial numbers to many of these replacement devices, meaning users could select the wrong factory setting or receive the wrong breathing support prescription.⁷ 

Other replacement items, including specific Trilogy Evo ventilators, were found to still contain some polyurethane foam and were recalled again.⁸ To find out if you received one of these ventilators, check for its serial number¹⁶.

Otherwise, the replacement CPAPs, BiPAPS, and ventilators that Philips sent out after their initial recall used a silicone-based foam rather than a polyurethane-based foam. The FDA is still trying to determine whether or not this foam is safe for users. However, at this time, they recommend that you continue to use these devices, and the FDA will communicate the results of their testing to the public as soon as they are available.¹ 

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Frequently Asked Questions

Written by Lisa Bowman, Writer

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Here at Sleep Advisor, our Sleep Certified experts use a refined mattress and product testing process to give you unbiased product suggestions… Read our full product review process.

In This Article

You’ll find out all about CPAP machines whether we need a prescription, making it crucial to follow the proper process for acquisition, understand the necessity, and consider potential costs.

»

CPAP machines, which stand for continuous positive airway pressure, are medical devices used at home to relieve the symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. When someone has obstructive sleep apnea, they can experience periodic pauses in breathing when they sleep due to the throat muscles relaxing and obstructing the airway. The CPAP works by helping to keep the airway open through air pressure. 

If you suspect you have sleep apnea, it may be tempting to bypass the doctor and purchase a CPAP machine on your own. However, it’s not as easy to acquire a machine as you might think, as you need a prescription for a CPAP. To help you understand the process, we’ll explain how to get one, why you might need one, and what costs might be involved.

Do You Need a Prescription for a CPAP Machine?

Yes, you need a prescription for a CPAP machine. In 2018, the FDA reclassified PAP machines¹ from class III to class II medical devices, moving them from ‘high risk’ to ‘moderate to high risk’². Although the perceived risk has decreased, the law still states that class II devices require a prescription to be purchased. This is because a medical professional needs to prescribe the type of PAP machine that best suits your needs and calibrate it to the right level of air pressure for you. 

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How to Get a CPAP Machine Prescription 

If you think you have sleep apnea, you should speak to your doctor, who may refer you to a sleep center for further assessment. Tests for sleep apnea can involve an overnight stay at a sleep clinic or an at-home sleep test. These types of tests measure factors such as your blood oxygen levels, breathing patterns, movement, and heart, lung, and brain activity. 

If you’re diagnosed with sleep apnea, a CPAP titration study³ may be performed to calculate the correct level of air pressure required to resolve your apnea. This test involves sleeping while using PAP equipment. The results of the titration will determine the CPAP prescription. 

Who Would Benefit from a CPAP Machine

CPAP machines are the most common form of treatment⁴ for people diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea. In some cases, if lifestyle changes don’t improve sleep apnea symptoms, a doctor or sleep specialist may suggest CPAP therapy. 

Along with better sleep and reduced sleep apnea symptoms, CPAP treatment could lead to long-term health benefits⁵, including a reduced risk of high blood pressure and stroke, as well as better memory and cognitive function. 

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Buying a CPAP Machine 

Once you have a prescription for a PAP machine, you have two options. You can purchase a machine directly or through your health insurance provider. You can buy CPAP devices online or in brick-and-mortar stores. If you plan to purchase a CPAP on your own, you should check that the specific device has been FDA-approved.  

Most insurers help cover CPAP equipment⁶. However, it’s best to check what your policy covers, as coverage may vary depending on which state you live in. CPAP supplies and accessories may be covered separately. There will also likely be strict compliance policies to adhere to, involving data collected from your machine to ensure you’re using it adequately. Also, insurers usually have an approved list of suppliers you must buy from.

How Much Does a CPAP Machine Cost? 

CPAP machine prices can vary greatly, depending on their features. Purchasing one outside of an insurance plan will likely cost you between $500 and $1,000 for the unit itself. Accessories come separately, and you should replace them regularly.

As mentioned, most insurers will have a list of approved suppliers from which you must purchase your machine and supplies, so it’s a good idea to work out if it might be cheaper to purchase outside of your insurance plan.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does insurance pay for CPAP machines?

Most insurers pay for CPAP machines, but the level of coverage depends on your policy. In the case of Medicare⁷, 80 percent of the cost of equipment may be covered once you’ve met your Part B deductible and have completed a three-month CPAP trial. All insurers will require a valid prescription obtained from a licensed healthcare professional.

Will insurance pay for a CPAP machine?

The majority of insurers will pay for a CPAP machine if you have a valid prescription, but you should check your policy to see what percentage of the cost will be covered.

Can I just buy a CPAP machine?

You cannot buy a CPAP machine without a prescription from a healthcare professional because they’re considered class II medical devices by the FDA.² A prescription is necessary because a healthcare provider will understand which type of machine you require and the settings it should be calibrated to.